Showing posts with label Ravel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ravel. Show all posts

Monday, April 1, 2024

Relays used for in Fire Alarm Systems

Relays used for in Fire Alarm Systems 

In an emergency you may wish your fire alarm system to perform a number of automated tasks – this could include grounding a lift or closing doors. To do this you will require fire alarm relays, devices which allow the automation of certain functions.

A relay is a simple electromechanical switch. While we use normal switches to close or open a circuit manually, a relay is also a switch that connects or disconnects two circuits. But instead of a manual operation, a relay uses an electrical signal to control an electromagnet, which in turn connects or disconnects another circuit.

The function of relay module in fire system control is to provide a way for a high-voltage device to be controlled by a low-voltage signal. This is done by closing a switch that activates the device when the fire alarm sends a small current to it. In practice, a relay in a fire alarm system may be used to perform the following functions:

·        Close Doors: A fire alarm relay can be used to automatically shut fire doors in a building when the fire alarm is triggered. This helps to contain the fire and prevent it from spreading.

·        Activate Sprinklers: The fire relay module can be used to activate the sprinkler system in a building when the fire alarm is triggered.

·        Sound Alarms: A fire alarm relay module is often used to activate a sound alarm in an emergency. This warns people in the vicinity of the fire and helps them to evacuate the area.

·        Switch OFF AC Systems: The stream of air coming out of an air conditioner can spread the fire in a building or even smoke and fumes. A fire alarm relay can be used to switch off the AC system and prevent the fire from spreading.

·        Switch On Smoke Exhaust Systems: The smoke exhaust system in a building helps to clear out smoke and fumes. A fire alarm relay can be used to switch it on.

·        Switch Off Loud Music: During a fire, it is important to be able to hear fire alarms and other warnings. a fire alarm relay module is often used to switch off loud music when the fire alarm is triggered so that people can hear the warnings.

Relays can be used to control voltage feeding a particular supply and either apply or drop voltage in the event of a fire activation.

Relays can be used to signal to monitored inputs, these inputs would monitor a nominal EOL resistance and in the event of a fire alarm activation would switch to pick up the trigger value resistance.

Relays can also be used to signal a simple NO/NC contact.

The relay’s load may be AC or DC, but must be within amperage rating of the relay contacts. The relays must be fire alarm listed and supplied by the FACP manufacturer, or be a Listed Fire Relay from a manufacturer.

Off-the-shelf electrical supply relays are not permitted to be directly wired to a fire alarm system. Additionally, polarity must be observed because of the integrated diode used in the relay.

Testing of the fire alarm system includes only verifying the relay changed state, and not necessarily the operational performance of the fire-safety function itself. Proper fire alarm relay operation will be verified by using a meter or by observing an activation LED on the relay.

Question 1: Will your relay be used to supply electrical power or turn it off? You are not responsible for the connection and operation of any other trade’s equipment or function, but you cannot allow the relay to be used improperly. If your relay states it has contacts rated at 10 amps and the owner wishes to turn on 20 amps of outdoor lighting, then they will have to use your relay to switch another device having the proper load rating (i.e. 20 amps or less).

While it is true that the relay, wiring, contactor or equipment could fail without causing a trouble signal on the fire alarm system, you are only responsible for the relay and circuit that you provide up to the switched contacts of the relay. All equipment after your relay contacts is the responsibility of another trade or another contractor.

 

Question 2: Will your relay be used to switch a small current and low voltage signal used by another electrical system, rather than the safety equipment load? Sometimes the load you need to switch amounts to an electrical control signal of just 5V – which another system’s data input needs in order to perform a function. Since you must supply a relay that is used to perform a certain function, you are not responsible for performing everything the owner wants to do. For example, your relay cannot pulse an illuminated street address sign.

 

Question 3: Is the safety function to be performed a code-required fire alarm feature such as controlling elevators, or is it a customer nicety such as opening a driveway gate or turning on outdoor lighting? For a code compliant relay, its wiring must be either fail-safe or cause a Trouble Signal when power to the relay fails.

For Illustrated Relay A

Power to certain emergency safety functions may need to be turned off during an alarm. Examples of these functions commonly include power to electro-magnetic door holders or electro-magnetic door locks. These two examples are normally well within the electrical rating of a fire relay, but a contactor may also be needed if you intend to cut power to a club’s DJ booth, for example, that is providing amplified sound, light and stage effects. If a contactor/relay is also needed, the electrician will supply it.

Relay A rules: Common and Normally Open relay contacts are used to supply a CLOSED circuit to keep safety equipment operational.

This relay’s wiring is “Fail-Safe,” since loss of power to the relay coil will cause the fire-safety function to be performed. No EOL resistor or power supervision relay is required if the emergency function is performed when loss of power to the relay causes the safety function to be performed.

For Relay B

Power to safety functions may need to be turned on during an alarm. This may include smoke exhaust fans and indoor/outdoor lighting. Typically, a 10 amp relay will be used to switch an additional contactor/relay that would be needed for a large rooftop fan, for example.

 

Relay B rules: Common and Normally Open relay contacts are used to supply a CLOSED circuit to deactivate safety equipment upon a polarity reversal signal from the FACP upon alarm conditions.

This relay wiring is NOT “Fail-Safe,” since loss of power to the relay will not cause the fire-safety function to be performed. Instead, this wiring method will cause a FACP trouble signal should there be a fault on the wiring supplying power to the relay.

A circuit fault or any other loss of power to operate the life safety function may need to be supervised. For example, supervision of the electrical power to operate the elevator’s shunt controller is required to ensure the 110vac power to perform the emergency shunt trip is constantly present. The modern self-contained elevator shunt-trip panels contain a set of relay contacts that will close should the shunt-trip lose its operational power for any reason. Wire a dedicated IDC with an EOL resistor across these provided open terminals. Any loss of that 110vac operating power will cause their relay contacts to close and initiate a Supervisory signal. This signal must be specifically and descriptively annunciated (ie “elevator shunt-trip power loss”).

For Relay C

Use only for non-life safety applications or as allowed by the exception (see below).

 

Relay C rules: Common and Normally Closed and/or Normally Open Relay contacts may be used to activate or to deactivate customer’s equipment. This Relay is NOT “Fail-Safe,” since loss of power to the relay will not cause the fire-safety function to be performed. Also, power wiring to the relay coil can experience a fault without causing a FACP Trouble signal.

An exception allows this relay’s wiring configuration to be used to perform code-required safety functions. This is when a relay output within a control unit is used to activate a function performed by another control unit. This happens when an FACP on-board relay is used to close a set of input contacts of another control panel. For example, you can trip a NAC power booster using the alarm output relay of the main control panel. This exception allows a relay circuit to connect two control units even though the relay wiring is neither monitored for integrity nor provides fail-safe operation.

This wiring exception is only permitted if both control units are located in the same room, the control units are within 20 feet of each other, and the relay wiring connecting both panels is protected against mechanical injury by running it either inside the wall or on the surface using conduit

An elevator company provides a shunt-trip panel whenever the machine room or hoist way includes sprinklers. This panel ensures the elevators will be shut down before sprinkler water can reach sensitive electrical and mechanical components. Your job will be to provide a fail-safe relay (example A) or power-supervised relay (example B), and contacts that will close upon an alarm signal from the hoist way or elevator equipment room detectors.

রিলে কি? 

রিলে একটি সুইচিং ডিভাইস। রিলে এমন একটি সুইচিং ডিভাইস যা সার্কিটে কোন ধরনোর শর্ট সার্কিট সৃষ্টি হলে নিজে ধংস হয়ে সার্কিট কে রক্ষা করে। এই জন্য রিলেকে অতন্দ্রী পহরি বলা হয়ে থাকে।  রিলের মধ্য দিয়ে যদি কারেন্ট প্রবাহিত হয় তাহলে কয়েল মেগনেটাইজ হয়ে কন্টাকের মাধ্যমে সার্কিট কে অন অফ কন্ট্রোল করে থাকে। জরুরি অবস্হায় সার্কিট পুড়ে যাওয়া বা ধংস হয়ে হাত থেকে রক্ষা করে থাকে রিলে। 

রিলে কতো প্রকার কি কি 

ভোল্টেজ অনুযায়ী রিলে দুই প্রকার 

. এসি রিলে 

.ডিসি রিলে 

*এসি রিলে আবার ভোল্টেজ উপর ভিত্তি করে অনেক ধরনের হয়ে থাকে

1. 5VAC,6VC,12VAC,24VAC,36VAC, 110VAC,220VAC,440VAC

 কয়েলের ভোল্টেজের উপর ভিত্তি করে এসি রিলে এতো ধরনের হয়ে থাকে।

*ভোল্টেজ উপর ভিত্তি করে ডিসি রিলে বিভিন্ন ধরনের হয়ে থাকে 

1. 5VDC,6VDC,12VDC,24VDC,36VDC, 110VDC,220VDC 440VDC

কয়েলের ভোল্টেজের উপর ভিত্তি করে ডিসি রিলে এতো ধরনের হয়ে থাকে।

রিলে কেন ব্যাবহার করা হয়

.এসি ভোল্টেজ কে ডিসি রিলে দিয়ে কন্ট্রোল করার জন্য রিলে ব্যাবহার হয়। 

.সার্কিটে কোন ধরনের ক্রটি বা ক্ষতির সম্মুখীন হলে রিলে হতে জানা যায়। 

রিলে নিজে নষ্ট হয়ে সার্কিট রক্ষা করে।

.সার্কিটে কোন ফল্ট হলে রিলে থেকে জানা যায়।

রিলে ব্যাবহারের নিয়ম

প্রতিটি রিলেের গায়ে ডায়াগ্রাম দেওয়া থাকে,  কতো ভোল্টেজ কতো এম্পিয়ার,  কোনটা কোন কন্টাক।

যদি রিলের বডিতে কিছু লিখা না থাকে তাহলে ভিতরে কয়েলের মধ্যে ভোল্টেজ এম্পিয়ার লিখা থাকবে।সেই ভোল্টেজ এবং এম্পিয়ার দেখে কোন জায়গায় ব্যাবহার করা যাবে তা নির্ধারণ করতে হবে। 

রিলে প্রকারভেদ 

সাধারনত তিন প্রকার রিলে হয়ে থাকে 

1.SPST  (Single Pole Single Throw)

2.SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw)

3.DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw

       *SPST রিলে মূলত পিনের হয়ে থাকে 

       *SPDT রিলে মূলত ৫পিনের হয়ে থাকে 

       *DPDT রিলে মূলত পিনের হয়ে থাকে

রিলে পিন পরিচিতি 

রিলেতে মূলত তিনটি পিন থাকে 

1.Common 

2.NO 

3.Nc 

1.Common: কমন কয়েলে সার্কিটের সুইচিংয়ের মান অনুযায়ী ভোল্টেজ প্রবাহিত করা হয়। রিলে কয়েলে কোন পজিটিভ নেগেটিভ প্রান্ত নেই তাই এটি পজিটিভ নেগেটিভ যে কোন প্রান্তে সংযোগ করা যায়। রিলের পরিচিত প্রকাশ পায় মূলত তার কয়েল ভোল্টেজ উপর ভিত্তি করে। যে ভোল্টেজে রিলে চালু হয় সেটি রিলের ভোল্টেজ ধরা হয়। 

2.NO: NO এর ফুল মিনিং Normally Open,  অর্থাৎ রিলে যখন নরমাল অথবা কয়েল না ধরা অবস্হায় থাকবে তখন Common এবং NO প্রান্ত বিছিন্ন অবস্হায় থাকবে।  যখন রিলে কয়েল ধরবে তখন অথবা রিলে কয়েল এবনরমাল হবে তখন Common এবং NO প্রান্তটি নিরবিচ্ছিন্ন অবস্হায় কাজ করবে। 

 3.NC: NC এর ফুল মিনিং Normally Close, অর্থাৎ রিলে নরমাল অবস্থা বা কয়েল না ধরা অবস্হায় Common এবং NC প্রান্ত নিরবচ্ছিন্ন অবস্থায় থাকবে বা সংযোগ থাকবে। যখন রিলে কয়েল ধরবে বা রিলে এবনরমাল অবস্হায় থাকবে এখন Common এবং NC বিচ্ছিন্ন অবস্হায় থাকবে। 

রিলে কয়েল পরিচিতি:

রিলে কয়েল ভোল্টেজ অনুযায়ী অনেক ধরনের হয়।  আমরা যে রিলে ব্যাবহার করবো তার কয়েল ভোল্টেজ অনুযায়ী ভোল্টেজ সাপ্লাই দিলে কয়েলটি ধরবে এবং রিলের উপরে থাকা ইন্ডিকেটর লাইটি জ্বলে উঠবে। আবার যখন ভোল্টেজ সাপ্লাই বন্ধ হয়ে যাবে ইন্ডিকেটর টি বন্ধ হয়ে যাবে এবং কয়েলটি বন্ধে হয়ে আগের অবস্হানে চলে আসবে।

Wednesday, September 1, 2021

Fire Alarm Log Books

Fire Alarm Log Books

Fire Log Books are a great way to ensure that managers of buildings meet the requirements of Health & Safety and Fire Safety regulation.

The new Fire Log Books which are on the market offer a basic guide for company management and in conjunction with guidelines laid down in the Fire management Plan are aimed at reducing the risk of fire in the workplace.

Within the Fire Log Book are various sections detailing measures which should be taken reduce the fire risk in a workplace.  These sections are as follows:-

·       Frequency of Tests required for Fire Alarm & Detection Systems, Emergency Lighting, Fire Equipment, Hose Reels, Fire Exit Doors, Sprinklers, Fire Training and Means of Escape, Fire Signage & Notices.

·       The requirements for Portable Fire Equipment including Fire Extinguishers & Hose Reels. The fire log book includes a section to list the locations of the equipment and a log the weekly checks of the equipment and any faults found.

·       The requirements for the Fire Alarm & Detection System Equipment including a section for recording the location of call points to be tested on the weekly test and a log section for recording the Fire Alarm & Detection equipment test records.

·       The requirements for the Means of Escape from the building including fire signage and notices.  Including a monthly inspection log of the escape routes, fire doors and fire exit doors.

·       A log for Fire Safety Training where the fire training record carried out can be recorded and dated.

·       A section for recording Fire Safety Evacuation Drills including the date of the drill, type of drill, evacuation time, person / department receiving drill and any observations made by the drill instructor.

·       A section detailing the test records for the Emergency Lighting system including a section to record faults and action which is needed to rectify the faults.

·       A section to record electrical installation and equipment inspections.

·       A final section showing a blank company hot work permit to be completed whenever hot work is carried out.

Key point of Fire Alarm / Building Inspection Log Book

·        Fire Alarm Daily Entries

·        Central Station On/Off Line Log

·        Activated Alarm Entries

·        Notification Entries

·        Fire Alarm Events/Tests

·        Elevator Testing Instructions

·        Monthly Elevator Testing Login

·        Exit Lights, Signs & Fire Extinguishers

·        Monthly Generator Log

·        Smoke Control Systems

·        Smoke and Heat Vents

·        Annual Component Inspections

·        Annual Inspections

·        Defect Log

·        NFPA Inspection, Testing & Maintenance

·        Semi-Annual Inspections:

    ·        Manual Pull Stations

    ·        Public Address System

    ·        Alarm/Strobe Signal

    ·        Floor Warden Phones

    ·        Fail-Safe Release

·        Annual Inspections:

    ·        Arm Bands and Vests

    ·        Photoluminescent Signs

Combination Fire Safety / EAP Log Book

·        Daily Fire Safety/EAP Director Log

·        Drills & Training

·        Emergency Action Plan – Related Events

·        Drills & Training Sessions

·        Fire Safety / Emergency Action Plan Onsite Practical

·        Test & Plan Reviews & Amendments

·        Voluntary EAP Full Building Evacuation Drills

·        Fire Protection System Contractors

·        Reference Material

Sprinkler and Standpipe Inspection Record Book

·        Weekly & Monthly Fire Pump Testing

·        Annual Fire Pump Testing

·        Water Storage Tank

·        Monthly Sprinkler Inspection Record

·        Monthly Standpipe Inspection Record

·        Sprinkler and Standpipe Deficiencies Record

·        Standpipe 3 and 5 year Tests

·        National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Inspections, Testing and Maintenance

Fire Safety Plan Log Book

·        Daily Fire Safety Director Log

·        Fire Safety and Evacuation Drills

·        Fire Safety and Evacuation Training

·        Fire Safety Plan Onsite Practical Test

·        Fire Safety Plan Reviews & Amendments

·        Fire Protection System Contractors

·        Reference Materials

After Hours Fire Guard Log Book

·        Log Book Inspection Report and Notification

·        After-Hours Fire Guard Checklist

·        Standpipe, Exits, Trash Accumulation

·        Fire Extinguishers, Ignition Sources

·        Sidewalk Sheds

·        Contraband, Shanty Inspections

·        Fire Alarm Stations, Sprinkler System

Homeless Shelter Drills & Training Record

·        Daily Coordinator Fire Safety / Alarm Systems Log

·        Homeless Shelter Drills – Fire & Emergency

·        Preparedness (FEP) Staff Training – Emergency

·        Preparedness Plan Reviews & Amendments

Smoke Detector Maintenance Record

·        Semi Annual Smoke Detector Cleaning

·        Annual Sensitivity Test Records

·        Smoke Detector Repair or Replacement Records

Without a fire alarm system that has been properly designed, installed, upgraded, and in working order, your occupants may have far less time to evacuate during an emergency and may be at a much higher risk of injury. SSA Integrate is that partner. Whether you’re planning a retrofit, or new construction, our expert engineers can help. We assist engineers, architects, contractors, and building owners in creating design packages that meet regulatory requirements, leverage the latest technology, and are as cost-effective as possible.

Fire Alarm System Design, Installation & Upgrade Programs We Offer:

·        Complete Design Drawings, Including Specifications and Calculations

·        Professional Engineering Review

·        AHJ Filing Services

·        Project Management

·        System Commissioning

·        Witness Acceptance Testing

·        System Upgrades

·        System Monitoring / System Maintenance  

We offer equipment from today’s leading manufacturers, including:

·        Edwards

·        Autronica

·        GST

·        Cooper

·        BOSCH

·        Apollo

·        Ravel

·        ESSER

·        Notifier

·        Morley IAS

·        Cerberus Pyrotronics