Portable Type Generators
Safety
Portable type generators are
internal combustion engines used to generate electricity. They are useful when
temporary or remote power is needed, and are commonly used during cleanup and
recovery efforts following disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.
Hazards Associated with Generators:
• Shocks
and electrocution from improper use of power or accidentally energizing other
electrical systems.
• Carbon
monoxide from a generator’s exhaust.
• Fires
from improperly refueling a generator or inappropriately storing the fuel for a
generator.
• Noise
and vibration hazards.
Shock and Electrocution
The
electricity created by generators has the same hazards as normal
utility-supplied electricity.
It also
has some additional hazards because generator users often bypass the safety
devices (such as circuit breakers) that are built into electrical systems.
The
following precautions are provided to reduce shock and electrocution hazards:
• Never
attach a generator directly to the electrical system of a structure (home,
office, trailer, etc.) unless a qualified electrician has properly installed
the generator with a transfer switch. Attaching a generator directly to a
building electrical system without a properly installed transfer switch can
energize wiring systems for great distances. This creates a risk of
electrocution for utility workers and others in the area.
• Always
plug electrical appliances directly into the generator using the manufacturer’s
supplied cords or extension cords that are grounded (3-pronged). Inspect the
cords to make sure they are fully intact and not damaged, cut or abraded. Never
use frayed or damaged extension cords. Ensure the cords are appropriately rated
in watts or amps for the intended use. Do not use underrated cords—replace them
with appropriately rated cords that use heavier gauge wires. Do not overload a
generator; this can lead to overheating which can create a fire hazard.
• Use
ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), especially where electrical
equipment is used in or around wet or damp locations. GFCIs shut off power when
an electrical current is detected outside normal paths. GFCIs and extension
cords with built-in GFCI protection can be purchased at hardware stores,
do-it-yourself centers, and other locations that sell electrical equipment.
• Make
sure a generator is properly grounded and the grounding connections are tight.
Consult the manufacturer's instructions for proper grounding methods.
• Keep a
generator dry; do not use it in the rain or wet conditions. If needed, protect
a generator with a canopy. Never manipulate a generator’s electrical components
if you are wet or standing in water.
• Do not
use electrical equipment that has been submerged in water. Equipment must be
thoroughly dried out and properly evaluated before using. Power off and do not
use any electrical equipment that has strange odors or begins smoking.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon
monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas. Many people have died from
CO poisoning because their generator was not adequately ventilated.
• Never
use a generator indoors or in enclosed spaces such as garages, crawl spaces,
and basements. NOTE: Open windows and doors may NOT prevent CO from building up
when a generator is located in an enclosed space.
• Make
sure a generator has 3 to 4 feet of clear space on all sides and above it to
ensure adequate ventilation.
• Do not
use a generator outdoors if its placement near doors, windows, and vents could
allow CO to enter and build up in occupied spaces.
• If you
or others show symptoms of CO poisoning— dizziness, headaches, nausea,
tiredness—get to fresh air immediately and seek medical attention. Do not
re-enter the area until it is determined to be safe by trained and properly
equipped personnel.
Fire Hazards
•
Generators become hot while running and remain hot for long periods after they
are stopped. Generator fuels (gasoline, kerosene, etc.) can ignite when spilled
on hot engine parts.
• Before
refueling, shut down the generator and allow it to cool.
•
Gasoline and other generator fuels should be stored and transported in approved
containers that are properly designed and marked for their contents, and
vented.
• Keep
fuel containers away from flame producing and heat generating devices (such as
the generator itself, water heaters, cigarettes, lighters, and matches). Do not
smoke around fuel containers. Escaping vapors or vapors from spilled materials
can travel long distances to ignition sources.
• Do not
store generator fuels in your home. Store fuels away from living areas.
Noise and Vibration Hazards
•
Generator engines vibrate and create noise. Excessive noise and vibration could
cause hearing loss and fatigue that may affect job performance.
• Keep
portable generators as far away as possible from work areas and gathering
spaces.
• Wear
hearing protection if this is not possible.
