L2 Fire Alarm

L2 Fire Alarm

IS 2189 : 2008: Indian Standard. Selection, Installation And. Maintenance Of Automatic Fire. Detection And Alarm System

IS 11360 (1985): Specification For Smoke Detectors For Use In Automatic Electrical Fire Alarm System [CED 22: Fire Fighting]

A fire alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and alert people through visual and audio appliances when smoke/fire is present. These alarms may be activated from Smoke Detectors, Heat Detectors, MCP etc.

Smoke detectors do not have a listed spacing. They have a recommended spacing of 30 feet between detectors. However, smoke detectors can be installed up to 41 feet apart in corridors up to 10 feet wide. The main fact to remember is that all points on the ceiling must be within 21 feet of the detector.

Commercial systems are categorized as follows (All include manual call points):

·         L1 – Detection provided throughout the entire premises

·         L3 – Detection provided on all escape routes and adjoining areas

·       L3/L2 – Detection provided on all escape routes and adjoining areas, as well as additional detection in specified high risk areas

·         L4 – Detection provided on all escape routes only

·      L4/L2 – Detection provided on all escape routes and additional detection in specified high risk areas

When a system is installed in a premises where there is more than one interlinked system in operation, then the suffix “X” is used.

Many fire authorities are now insisting on specific standards of fire alarm systems within buildings.  These categories are defined in the recommendations of BS5839.  One of the most common categories which is being asked for is a BS5839 category L2 Fire Alarm System.  The prefix 'L' for the category type stands for life protection.  This means that the primary purpose of a category L2 Fire Alarm is to protect life.  Whereas BS5839 system designs with a 'P' prefix are primarily designed to protect damage to property.

L2 Fire Alarm Systems are designed to offer automatic detection on all escape routes within a building, with the addition of all rooms adjoining to the escape route.  An L2 Fire Alarm design should also take into account any further areas of high risk which may not necessarily be covered with detection on the escape routes and adjoining rooms.  Examples of these areas could be boiler rooms, plant rooms and other areas with heavy plant machinery (such as in roof voids).

An Example of an L2 Fire Alarm Design

L2 Fire Alarm designs should also incorporate audible sounders throughout the building which operate when the fire alarm system is activated.  These sounders should achieve a minimum sound pressure of 65 dB (A) throughout the building and a minimum of 75 dB (A) at the bedhead where there people sleeping within the building.

An L2 Fire Alarm should also include manual call points on all exits to open air, and in buildings above a single storey all entrances to stairwells on the floors above the ground floor.  In large buildings it should also be noted that nobody should have to travel for more than 35 metres to reach a call point.  This means that further call points may be needed to be positioned within the property to achieve this.  Call points may also need to be positioned in high risk areas.  One example of this may be a paint booth where high flammable substances are present.  A call point may need to be positioned in close proximity to enable an alarm to be raised quicker should an incident occur.

Awareness of the system user is also essential, less able bodied people may or may not be capable of exiting without assistance, but high levels of people with sporting injuries or with hearing difficulties may require a system which addresses their needs.

Smoke Detector & Heat Detector Mounting Heights

Smoke Detector & Heat Detector Mounting Heights BS5839

There are essentially two types of initiating devices used in a typical fire alarm system: automatic and manual.

Typical automatic devices include spot-type smoke detectors, rate-of-rise heat sensors, fixed-temperature sensors, photoelectric smoke detectors, sprinkler heads and duct-type smoke detectors.

Manual activation is commonly accomplished using a manual fire pull, and automatic detection happens without human intervention. NFPA 72, also called the National Fire Alarm Code (NFAC), is the primary document used when an engineer designs, and an EC or fire alarm technician installs, a fire alarm system.

BS5839 makes reference to recommendations of maximum mounting heights for different types of detectors.  This is to ensure that the detector is still effective when mounted at high levels.  The recommendations of BS5839 split the mounting heights up into two categories.  These categories are standard BS5839 systems and systems with a 5 minute fire service response time.

Below is a series of recommended mounting heights for fire alarm system equipment including different types of smoke detector (including Optical Beam Detectors) and Heat Detectors.

The table below also shows heights which detectors are permitted to be mounted at if 10% or less of the ceiling is the height shown.

Mounting Heights 

Detector Type	Maximum Ceiling Height (m) Cat L/P	5 Minute Response (m) Cat P
Rate of Rise Heat Detector	9 Meters (10.5 meters for 10% of Ceiling)	13.5 Meters (15 meters for 10% of Ceiling)
Fixed Temperature Heat Detectors	7.5 Meters (10.5  meters  for 10% of Ceiling)	12 Meters (15 meters for 10% of Ceiling)
Smoke Detectors	10.5 Meters (12.5  meters  for 10% of Ceiling)	15 Meters (18 meters for 10% of Ceiling)
CO Point Detectors	10.5 Meters (12.5  meters  for 10% of Ceiling)	15 Meters (18 meters for 10% of Ceiling)
Optical Beam Detectors	25 Meters (25  meters  for 10% of Ceiling)	40 Meters (40 meters for 10% of Ceiling)

Automatic smoke detector placement is another important aspect of a fire alarm installation. Unless every smoke detector is placed properly, false alarm, or even no alarms, can occur. Either way, the client suffers, and the low-voltage contractor looks bad in the process.

The most common type of smoke detector used in residential and commercial settings is the spot-type detector. According to Section 5.7.3.2, NFPA 72, 2007 Edition, spot-type smoke detectors can be mounted either on the side wall or ceiling. When using the side wall, mount the device no closer than 4 inches from the ceiling.

The maximum distance is 12 inches. The distance from detector to side wall when mounting the same smoke detector on a ceiling is the same 4 inches. Ceiling-mounted units also must be placed no closer than 4 inches from a side wall.

Spacing between smoke detectors is likewise important. On a smooth ceiling, the common distance between each smoke detector is 30 feet. According to Section 5.7.3.2.3.5, all points on a smooth ceiling should have a smoke detector within 0.7 times the selected spacing or 21 feet.

Not all ceilings are smooth; thus, the spacing between smoke detectors will vary. To ensure optimum performance and compliance, refer to Chapter 5 of NFPA 72, 2007 Edition, for a specific situation. Read also Codes & Standards, page 140.

Space and placement both matter when planning your fire alarm package. Thorough preparation often leads to a successful installation.

As per IS: 2189:2008 under clause 6.3.2 Siting and spacing of detectors (common to all types of smoke and heat detectors):

1. Under flat ceilings, the horizontal distance between any point in a protected area and the detector nearest to that point shall not exceed 7.5 m in case of smoke detector, and 5.3 m in case of heat detector.
2. In case of a sloping roof or pitched ceiling (where the distance between the top of apex and bottom of the roof exceeds 600 mm), spacing of detectors at or in the vicinity of apex may be spaced between 7.5 m and 8.5 m for smoke detectors.
3. Detectors shall not be mounted within 500 mm of any walls, partitions or obstructions to flow of smoke or hot gases, such as structural beams and duct work, where the obstructions are greater than 250 mm in depth.
4. Where structural beams or duct work for light fittings or any other ceiling attachments, not greater than 250 mm depth, create obstacles to the flow of smoke, detectors shall not be mounted closer to the obstruction than twice the depth of the obstruction.
5. Where partitions or storage racks that reach within 300 mm of the ceiling, they shall be construed as walls that extend to the ceiling for the purpose of siting the detectors.
6. Similarly, ceiling obstructions, such as structural beams, deeper than 10 percent of the overall ceiling height shall be construed as walls for the purpose of siting the detectors, that is, each bay formed by such beams shall be treated as separate enclosure for provision/spacing of detectors.
7. Detectors shall not be mounted within 1m of any air inlet (supply air inlets of H VAC system) or a forced ventilation system.
8. Detector siting shall be such that a clear space of 500 mm is maintained below each detector.
9. Where detectors are constrained to be fixed to the wall, they shall be sited in such a way that the top of the detection element is between 150 mm and 300 mm below the ceiling and the bottom of the detection element is above the level of door opening. Additional detector shall be placed on the ceiling at a position 1.5 m from any opening which might act like a flue.
10. A detector shall be placed on the protected side of the premises on the ceiling 1.5 m from any door, window or any opening in the wall partitions separating the protected premises from the other premises.
11. All stairwells, lift shafts, other utility shafts, etc, shall have a detector at the top. Lift machine rooms shall be provided with a detector.
12. All unenclosed staircase shall have one detector at each main landing within the staircase.
13. The detector shall also be provided in cable tunnels, ducts, false floors, AC and AHU room, long AC return ducts and distribution boards.
14. No detector shall be subjected to any interior decoration treatment, that is, painting, alteration of exterior cover, etc, to conform with the environment.
15. Every enclosure (that is, room or cabin) shall have a detector at ceiling level and also under false ceiling, if provided.
16. Where there is more than one such enclosure per floor, a response indicator shall be installed at the entrance to such enclosures to indicate where the detector has actuated. This arrangement shall also be followed in case of all concealed detectors in false floors, plenums, shafts, tunnels, etc.
17. Voids as in false ceiling/flooring more than 800 mm shall be protected with detectors with spacing like in normal installation. However, voids as in false ceiling/flooring less than 800 mm height need not necessarily have independent coverage unless the void is such that the spread of fire products between the rooms or compartments take place through it. Bathroom, lavatories, WC, etc, however, need not be protected.
18. For irregular shaped areas, the spacing between the detectors may be greater than the determined spacing provided the maximum spacing from the detector to the farthest point of a side wall or comer within its zone of protection is not greater than 0.7 times the determined spacing.

As per IS: 2189:2008 under clause 6.3.3 Compensation to the Spacing of Detectors

1. Height consideration

Spacing of 7.5 m for smoke detectors is valid up to a height of 7 m only and that of 5.3 m for heat detectors is valid only up to a height of 5 m. beyond these heights, spacing between the detectors shall be adjusted as follows:

1. Smoke detectors for heights between 7 m and 10 m - 5 m spacing

Beyond 10m height - Only beam detectors or aspirating type detection systems

2. Heat detectors for heights between 5 m and 7 m - 3.5 m spacing

Beyond7m height- Not allowed to install heat detectors

2. High air movement consideration
1. Spacing between detectors shall be suitably reduced in areas where high air movement or where high air changes prevail.
2. Detectors shall not be located in the vicinity of supply air diffusers. Minimum distance between the detector and the air inlets/diffusers shall be at least 1.5 m.
3. Detectors shall be so mounted as to favour the air flow towards return air openings.
4. The above provisions shall not disturb the normal population (count) of detectors, which is provided assuming that air-handling systems are off.
5. After designing the detector spacing, it shall be cross-checked to ensure that there is at least one smoke detector for every 100 m² or one heat detector for every 50 m’ of the compartment area.

Pros and Cons of Fire Extinguisher types

Pros and Cons of Fire Extinguisher types

Classes of fire

Fires are classified according to the materials that are burning. This classification system allows you to choose the right fire extinguisher.

Fire is broken down into Six Classes – A, B, C, D, E and F.

Types of extinguisher

·        Foam

·        ABC Powder

·        Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

·        Wet chemical

·        Powder

·       Monnex

Foam – Suitable for Class A and B Fires

Class A – combustible solids (paper, wood)
Class B – flammable liquids (petrol, diesel, spirits, paint)

Pros

Higher A rating than water, so more effective on combustible solids. For example, a 6lt Foam has the extinguishing capability of a 9lt Water.

Foam discharge is easier to clean up than powder.

Foam is not as conductive as water, so it won’t cause as much damage if sprayed on electrical equipment.

Cons

It can be susceptible to frost.

ABC Powder – Suitable for Class A, B, C and Electrical Fires

Class A – combustible solids (paper, wood)
Class B – flammable liquids (petrol, diesel, spirits, paint)
Class C – flammable gases (methane, butane

Pros

Ideal as a multipurpose extinguisher for home and work.

Twice as effective as Foam on Class A fires, for example: a 6kg Powder is rated 27A, whereas a 6lt Foam is rated 13A.

Not as susceptible to frost as water-based extinguishers.

Very effective for burning and free-flowing liquids.

When powder is applied to hot smouldering surfaces, the particles fuse together and swell. This forms a barrier which excludes oxygen and prevents reigniting.

Cons

Can be messy, as it’s a fine powder. Clean up can be costly and time-consuming, so consideration should be given where misuse/accidental use would be an issue.

Reduces visibility when discharged, so consideration required when placing near escape routes, stairwells, etc.

May aggravate respiratory conditions when discharged.

Limited cooling properties.

While Powder is safe for use on electrical fires, it can cause corrosion.

CO2 – Suitable for Class B and Electrical Fires

Class B – flammable liquids (petrol, diesel, spirits, paint)

Pros

Smothers fire quickly in draught-free conditions.

A non-conductor, so can be used on live electrical equipment.

Leaves no residue and is not as damaging to electrical equipment as powder.

Cons

It’s an asphyxiate, so care should be exercised when using in confined spaces.

Limited cooling properties and no protection against reigniting.

A non-insulated horn can cause frost burn if user accidentally touches the horn when in use.  Frost- free horns offer some protection against this (a frost free horn has a honeycomb ring on the internal lining; non-insulated horns have a single layer of plastic).

Wet Chemical – Suitable for Class F Fires

Class F – cooking oils and fats

Powder – Suitable for Class D Fires

Class D – metals
Specialist Class D Dry Powder for Flammable Metals.

Monnex – Suitable for Class B and C Fires

Class A – combustible solids (paper, wood)
Class B – flammable liquids (petrol, diesel, spirits, paint)

Pros

High performance specialist powder extinguisher.

Also safe to use on flammable chemicals.

Ideal for garages, fuel depots, airports, motor racing events and chemical stores.

Automatic Extinguisher

Dry powder extinguisher ideal for use on oil or gas burners. Heat activated. No manual intervention required.

Water Extinguishers

Water has excellent cooling properties but is only suitable for use on Class A fires. Foam is often the preferred option, as it is suitable for both Class A and B and has a better A rating.

Halon

Under the European Council Regulation 2037/2000, Halon portable fire extinguishers are no longer permitted for use in the European Union due to their ozone-depleting substances. Exceptions include use in civil aircraft, the armed forces and the emergency services.

Class F – cooking oils and fats

Fire rating system

Fire rating refers to a fire extinguisher’s fire-fighting capabilities.

Although fire is categorised into 5 classes, only classes A, B and F carry a fire rating.

You will find the rating printed on the body of the extinguisher – for example: 13A/75F.

In this example, the prefix numbers 13 and 75 refer to the size of the fire and the letters A and F represent the Class of Fire on which to use the extinguisher.

The higher the prefix number the greater the fire extinguisher’s fire-fighting capabilities.

In this instance, the extinguisher is suitable on a Size 13 Class A (Combustible Solids) fire and also on a Size 75 Class F (Cooking Oils & Fats) fire.

In Class A the size refers to 13 metres in length, while in classes B and F the 75 represents volume in litres.

Fire Damper vs Fire Smoke Damper

Fire Damper vs Fire Smoke Damper

Do you know the difference between fire dampers and fire smoke dampers?

This is a questions that seems to come up a lot in the fire alarm install and design world.  The definition of a damper is "A person or thing that damps or depresses".  In other words it is a plate that is placed within the duct work of an HVAC system to regulate or in some cases stop air flow.

Now in the fire alarm industry we are more concerned with the terms "Fire Damper", "Smoke Damper" or "Combination Smoke Fire Damper".  Whats is the difference?  Well it is actually quite simple as we explain below.

·                  A "Fire Damper" as defined in the CMC (California Mechanical Code) 2010 Edition Section 206.0 - "An automatic-closing metal assembly of one or more louvers, blades, slats or vanes that close upon detection of heat so as to restrict the passage of flame and is listed to the applicable recognized standard."  The automatic means can be accomplished one of two ways: 1) by a fusible link that will melt upon heat thus releasing the louvers into the closed position.  2)  by motorized actuators that will close upon loss or gain of power.  These are typically controlled by and addressable relay module.

·                  A "Smoke Damper" as defined in the CMC (California Mechanical Code) 2010 Edition Section 206.0 - "A damper arranged to seal off airflow automatically through a part of an air duct system so as to restrict the passage of smoke and is listed to the applicable recognized standard."

·                  A "Combination Fire Smoke Damper" is exactly that, a combination of a "Fire Damper" and a "Smoke Damper".

When are they required and how do I know when to use what type?

Keep in mind that the fire alarm contractor will not be providing or installing these.  However, it is nice to know what to look for on a bid set of plans or during a job walk.  First up is the "Fire Damper".  A fire damper is installed in HVAC duct work at the intersection of a rated barrier such as walls or partitions.  The damper is in place to secure the integrity of the rated barrier in the event of heat or flames around 165 degrees F.  Like we stated above, the fusible link will melt thus releasing the louvers on the damper.  Once the louvers are closed or shut, the fire barrier is now secured from allowing flames to penetrate prior to the rating level of the barrier itself.

Smoke dampers are similar however, they close in the presence of smoke.  Now since the smoke damper cannot obviously sense smoke, we need to install a smoke detector. The smoke detector can either be a system smoke (tied to a building fire alarm system) or a stand alone smoke solely in place to activate the smoke damper.  Smoke Dampers are required to be installed on walls that separate smoke barriers.  

What's a smoke barrier you ask......  A smoke barrier is a continuous surface such as a wall, floor, or ceiling constructed to restrict the movement of smoke.  A smoke barrier can be either vertical or horizontal. 

Now a "combination smoke fire damper" is located in a situation where both fire rating and smoke barriers come into play.  A combination fire smoke damper also needs a smoke detector just like the smoke damper.  The smoke detector can either be a duct smoke detector (System Sensor D4120 or DNR) or a pendant mounted detector within the duct work itself.  Once the detector senses smoke particles it will either through programming or local relay base close the damper louvers.

Commissioning and maintenance of Fire Blankets

Commissioning and maintenance of Fire Blankets BS EN 1869 – Code of practice

1. Scope

This code of practice gives guidance on:

·       Regular inspection of a fire blanket

·       Regular maintenance of a fire blanket

·       Life of a fire blanket

·       Reasons to render a fire blanket unserviceable

2. Terms and Definitions

2.1. Container

The box, packet or cabinet (including closures) in which a fire blanket is normally housed.

2.2.

Fire Blanket

A fire blanket is a safety device designed to extinguish small incipient (starting) fires. It consists of a sheet of fire retardant material which is placed over a fire in order to smother it.

Small fire blankets, for use in kitchens and around the home, are usually made of either fibreglass or woven-nylon coated with silicone-based flame retardant and folded in to a quick-release container for ease of storage.

2.3.

Hand hold devices

Hand hold devices often made of woven material, securely attached to the blanket which can be seen and accessed from outside the container which allow the user to release the fire blanket from the container ready for deployment.

2.4.

Manufacturer’s instructions

Instructions written by the manufacturer to aid users deployment of the fire blanket.; including any instruction which aids the service provider to carry out maintenance of the blanket.

2.5.

Service provider

Person with the training and experience, with access to the relevant tools, equipment and information, manuals and knowledge of any special procedures recommended by the manufacturer of the fire blanket, to carry out the relevant maintenance procedures

2.6.

Responsible Person

Person or persons responsible for, or having effective control over, fire safety provisions adopted in or

appropriate to the premises or building or risk where an fire blanket is installed

NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “responsible person” includes a nominated representative.

3. Process of Commissioning

The commissioning of a fire blanket should be carried out by a service provider as defined in 3.5. Upon removal from its packaging and transit protection, and immediately prior to placing in its designated place, the fire blanket should undergo this sequence of commissioning service actions:

4. Mounting

4.1.  Fire Blankets should be mounted so as to position the hand hold devices approximately 1.5 m from the floor.

4.2.  The positioning of kitchen furniture and/or equipment should not preclude access to the blanket.

5. Visual Inspection by the Responsible Person

5.1    The responsible person should carry out visual inspections of all fire blankets regularly. These visual inspections should be carried out at least monthly. When circumstances require, inspections should be carried out more frequently.

NOTE 1 Fire legislation in England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and its associated Guidance Notes suggest that good practice is to determine whether the fire blanket has been used and to check for damage on a weekly basis.

5.2    When carrying out these visual inspections, it should be ensured that:

5.3    each fire blanket is correctly located in the designated place;

5.4    each fire blanket is unobstructed and visible

5.5  the operating instructions of each fire blanket are clean and legible and face outwards;

5.6    each fire blanket container is not obviously damaged and that the hand hold devices are visible and undamaged

5.7    the tamper indicators of each fire blanket, where fitted, are not broken or missing.

5.8    The responsible person should record the results of these visual inspections and arrange for corrective action, where necessary, by a service provider. In the event of doubt the responsible person should arrange for a service provider to examine the fire blanket.

NOTE 2 Responsible persons have obligations under fire legislation in England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland to use a service provider to maintain extinguishing equipment in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair, where it is necessary to provide such equipment to safeguard employees in the event of fire.

6.    Basic service

6.1    The responsible person should ensure that basic service be carried out at 12 monthly intervals. The maintenance intervals given for basic service have for practical purposes a tolerance of ±1 month. Intervals should be taken from the date of installation or the last basic service. Intervals may be shortened, on the recommendation of the service provider where inspection reveals environmental and/or special hazards, or at the request of the responsible person.

6.2    The basic service of a fire blanket should be carried out by a service provider as defined in 2.4. The fire blanket should undergo this sequence of commissioning service actions: 

7. Labelling

7.1.  General

Any labelling that is applied to the fire blanket container should not obscure any marking required by BS EN 1869;

7.2    Maintenance label

7.2.1          The maintenance record should be indelibly marked on a durable label that is fixed firmly to the fire blanket container without obscuring any of the manufacturer’s markings and instructions. Where there is no more space on the maintenance label and a new label is fixed, the date of commissioning should be marked on the new label.

7.2.2          The following information should be given on the maintenance label:

7.2.3          type of action (commissioning or basic service)

7.2.4          name and postal address of the maintenance supplier;

7.2.5          a mark clearly identifying the service provider;

7.2.6          the date (year and month) of the action in a) above;

7.2.7          the date (year and month) of commissioning

This information should be readable without any special equipment.

Any additional information for the benefit of service providers may be shown in a more compact form, such as bar codes.

NOTE 3 The information on the maintenance label of each fire blanket may additionally be entered into a central record. In this way one aspect of the important information on fire prevention can be kept readily available.

8. Evaluation of fitness - Blankets which are to be condemned

Any fire blanket with a major defect or defects which make it unsafe for use should be immediately removed from its designated place, and marked “CONDEMNED” together with the reason for this assessment. The responsible person should be advised in the written report (see 9) that a permanent replacement is needed as soon as possible. Evaluation of whether the damage or wear to a fire blanket make it unsafe for use depends on the judgement of the service provider.

8.1.  Conditions indicating that a fire blanket is unsafe for use

Potentially the most serious hazard presented by a defective fire blanket is it’s inability to either (a) be deployed or (b) starve a fire of oxygen, allowing the fire to burn uncontrollably after deployment. These could be caused by any of the following conditions:

8.1.1          wear, contamination or damage to the fire blanket material.

8.1.2          wear or damage to the fire blanket hand hold devices;

8.1.3          serious damage to the container;

8.1.4          fire damage to the container or fire blanket;

8.1.5       age. Follow manufacturers instructions or if there are none then if more than 7 years from date of commissioning consider replacing the blanket.

8.2    Additional reasons for condemning a fire blanket include the following (unless rectified by the replacement of the appropriate components):

illegible marking or operating instructions;

instructions not in English;

9.    Provision of a written report

The service provider should advise the responsible person in a written report:

9.1    of any fire blankets that have been condemned or are missing;

9.2    of any permanent replacement fire blankets required to replace those reported in a);

9.3    of any additional fire blankets required to ensure that the level of cover at the premises is appropriate for the risks present;

9.4    that any replacement or additional fire blankets reported in b) or c) should be provided as soon as possible; and

9.5    of the responsible person’s obligation under fire legislation to provide an appropriate level of fire-fighting equipment at all times.

10. Maintenance documentation

A certificate of inspection should be issued in all cases.

      10.1   The certificate of inspection should include the following information:

10.2    the name, postal address and telephone number of the maintenance company;

10.3    the date of maintenance;

10.4    identification of the maintenance technician;

10.5   a list of all fire blankets included in the maintenance programme; including all nonconforming equipment, and recommendations for appropriate corrective action or reference to where this information can be found;

10.6    the signature of the responsible person, which should be obtained upon completion of the service visit and prior to the service technician leaving the premises, or a record of the reason why this is not possible (e.g. unmanned sites);

 11. Permanent replacement of a Fire Blanket.

It is the duty of the responsible person to arrange for permanent replacement fire blankets to be put into place as soon as possible after inspection has shown that some fire blankets should be replaced. The service provider is responsible for bringing this duty to the responsible person’s attention in the written report.